Volume 16, Issue 1 - March 2016
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- Abstract / Resumo
- References / Bibliografia
- Citations / Citações
Revista de Gestão Costeira
Integrada
Volume 16, Número 1, Março 2016, Páginas 35-43
DOI: 10.5894/rgci603
* Submission: 11 APR 2015; Peer review: 28 MAY 2015; Revised: 29 SEP
2015; Accepted: 2 NOV 2015; Available on-line: 4 NOV 2015
Supporting Information (430KB, PDF)
Environmental zoning and coastal zone conservation:
the case of a protected area in Northeastern Brazil *
Ilanna de Souza Rêgo @, a; Larissa Figueira Morais Correia Aguiar a; Marcelo de Oliveira Soaresa, b
@ - Corresponding author to whom
correspondence should be addressed: Rego
<[email protected]>
a - Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do
Ceará (UFC), 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
b - Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
ABSTRACT
Conservation of coastal zones is a matter of debate all around the world. In this context, marine protected areas can be counted as legal instruments to ensure proper use of natural resources and promote sustainable development. One of the main aspects for the management of protected areas is environmental zoning. Despite its importance, there are few studies focusing on environmental zoning in semiarid coastal environments. The purpose of this study was to present a case study on environmental zoning of a protected area located in the Environmental Protection Area of the Curú River estuary, which is located on the semiarid coast of the South Atlantic Ocean in Ceará-Brazil. The research was conducted in accordance with the classification criteria used in the Ecological-Economic Zoning (EEZ) of the Coastal Zone, a legal instrument that is important with regards to the Brazilian coast. The work was performed with a GIS technique and involved field activities. The results suggest the following environmental systems within the perimeter of the protected area: river plain, fluvial-marine plain with mangroves, fixed dunes, plain deflation/mobile dunes, plain deflation/fixed dunes, pre-coastal vegetation, and sandspit. The maps of the environmental systems zoning were developed on a 1:40,000 scale and were made to encourage the sustainable use of natural resources. As pressure on the environment by human activities increases, it is essential to update environmental zoning in protected areas, especially in the coastal areas of developing countries.
Keywords: Ecological-Economic Zoning, Coastal Ecosystems, Management, Mangroves.
Zoneamento ambiental e conservação de zonas costeiras: o caso de uma área protegida do Nordeste do Brasil
RESUMOA conservação da zona costeira é questão de debate em todo o mundo. Neste contexto, as áreas protegidas marinhas e na zona costeira estão inseridas como um instrumento legal para garantir o uso adequado dos recursos naturais e promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. Um dos principais aspectos para a gestão das áreas protegidas é o zoneamento ambiental. Apesar disso, existem poucos estudos com foco nos ambientes costeiros semiáridos; sistemas de reconhecida sensibilidade e importância ambiental. Neste trabalho foi realizada a descrição e o zoneamento de unidades geoambientais de uma área protegida na costa semiárida do Atlântico Sul Equatorial (Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil). A pesquisa foi realizada de acordo com critérios de classificação utilizados no Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico da Zona Costeira; instrumento legal importante no contexto da costa brasileira. O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de geoprocessamento e trabalhos de campo que viabilizaram a detecção das seguintes unidades geoambientais dentro do perímetro da área protegida: Planície fluvial; Planície flúvio-marinha manguezais; Dunas fixas; Planície de deflação/dunas móveis; Planície de Deflação/Dunas Fixas, Tabuleiro Pré-Litorâneo e Cordão Litorâneo. Os mapas das unidades geoambientais e do zoneamento ambiental foram desenvolvidos na escala de 1:40.000, sendo feito com o intuito de aconselhar a utilização correta dos recursos naturais, indicando áreas passíveis de uso e subsídios para a gestão ambiental. Considerando, o incremento da pressão ambiental por atividades antrópicas, é imprescindível a atualização do zoneamento ambiental nas áreas protegidas, sobretudo nas zonas costeiras dos países em desenvolvimento.
Palavras-chave: Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico, Ecossistemas Costeiros, Manejo, Manguezal.
Agostini,V.N.;
Margles,S.W.; Knowles,J.K.; Schill,S.R.; Bovino,R.J.; Blyther, R.J
(2015) – Marine zoning in St.Kitts and Nevis: A design for sustainable
management in the Caribbean. Ocean & Coastal Management, 104:1-10.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.11.003.
Albuquerque,A.G.B.M.; Ferreira,T.O.; Cabral,R.L.; Nobrega, G.N.; Romero, R.E.; Meireles,A.J.A.; Otero,X.L. (2014) - Hypersaline tidal flats (apicum ecosystems): the weak link in the tropical wetlands chain. Environmental Research, 22:99-109. DOI: 10.1139/er-2013-0026
Beeharry, Y.; Makoondlall-Chadee, T.; Bokhoree, C. (2014) - Policy Analysis for Performance Assessment of Integrated Coastal Zone Management Initiatives for Coastal Sustainability. APCBEE Procedia, 9:30–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.01.006
Bertrand, G. (1969) - Paisagem e Geografia Física global: esboço
metodológico. Caderno de Ciências da Terra, 13:1-21.
Bezaury-Creel, J.E. (2005) - Protected areas and coastal and ocean
management in México. Ocean & Coastal Management, 48(11–12):1016–1046. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.03.004
Buruaem, L.M.; Hortellani, M.A.; Sarkis, J.E.; Costa-Lotufo, L.V.; Abessa, D.M.S. (2012) - Contamination of port zone sediments by metals from Large Marine Ecosystems of Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64:479-488. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.01.017.
Day,V.; Paxinos, R.; Emmett, J.; Wright, A.; Goecker, M. (2008) - The Marine Planning Framework for South Australia: A new ecosystem-based zoning policy for marine management. Marine Policy, 32(4):535–543. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2007.10.009
Dias, F.J.S.; Castro, B.M.; Lacerda, L.D. (2013) - Continental shelf water masses off the Jaguaribe River (4S), northeastern Brazil. Continental Shelf Research, 66:123-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.10.010
Estima, D.C.; Ventura, M.A.M.; Rabinovici, A.; Martins, M.C.P.F. (2014) – Concession in tourism services and partnerships in the Marine National Park of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management, 14(2):215-232. DOI: 10.5894/rgci469.
Farrell, E.J.; Sherman, D.J.; Ellis, J.T.; Li, B. (2012) – Vertical distribution
of grain size for wind blown sand. Aeolian Research, 7:51-61.
DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.03.003.
Geneletti, D.; Van Duren, I. (2008) - Protected area zoning for conservation and use: A combination of spatial multicriteria and
multiobjective evaluation. Landscape and Urban Planning,
85(2):97–110. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.10.004.
Giri, C.; Ochieng, E.; Tieszen, L.L.; Zhu, Z.; Singh, A.; Loveland, T; Masek, J; Duke, N. (2010) - Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data. Global Ecology Biogeography, 584:1‐6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1466‐8238.2010.00584.x. P1‐6.
Gorayeb, A.; Souza, M.J.N.; Figueiredo, M.C.B.; Araújo, L F.P.; Rosa, M.F; Silva, E.V. (2005) - Aspectos geoambientais, condições de uso e ocupação do solo e níveis de desmatamento na bacia hidrográfica do rio Curú, Ceará-Brasil. Geografia, 14(2):85-106. Available on-line at:
http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/geografia/article/view/6688
Grantham, H.S.; Agostini, V.N.; Wilson, J.; Mangubha, S.; Hidayat, N.; Muljadi, A.; Muhajir.; Rotinsulu, C.; Mongdong, M.; Beck, M.W.; Possingham, H.P. (2013) - A comparison of zoning analyses to inform the planning of a marine protected area network in Raja Ampat, Indonesia. Marine Policy, 38:184–194.
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2012.05.035
Han, G; Zhang, G.; Dong, Y. (2006) - A model for the active origin and development of source-bordering dunefields on a semiarid fluvial plain: A case study from the Xiliaohe Plain, Northeast China. Geomorphology, 86:512-524. DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.10.010.
Leão, Z.M.A.N.; Kikuchi, R.K.P.; Oliveira, M.D.M.; Soares, V.V. (2010) - Status of Eastern Brazilian Coral Reefs in Time of Climate Changes. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 5:52-63. Available on-line at:
http://www.panamjas.org/pdf_artigos/PANAMJAS_5(2)_224-235.pdf
Levin, N.; Neil, D.; Syktus, J. (2014) - Spatial variability of dune form on Moreton Island, Australia, and its correspondence with wind regime derived from observing stations and reanalyses. Aeolian Research, 15:289-300. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.06.006.
Li, F.; Xu, M.; Liu, Q.; Wang, Z.; Xu, W. (2014) - Ecological restoration
zoning for a marine protected area: A case study of Haizhouwan
National Marine Park, China. Ocean & Coastal Management,
9:158–166. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.06.013.
Mcwhinnie, L.; Briers, R.A.; Fernandes, T.F. (2015) – The development
and testing of a multiple-use zoning scheme for Scottish waters. Ocean & Coastal Management, 103:34-41.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.11.004
Moberg, F.; Rönnbäck, P. (2003) - Ecosystem services of the tropical
seascape: interactions, substitutions and restoration. Ocean & Coastal Management, 46:27–46. DOI: 10.1016/S0964-5691(02)00119-9.
Mora, C.; Sale, P.F. (2011) – Ongoing global biodiversity loss and need to move beyond protected areas: a review of the technical and practical shortcomings of protected areas on land and sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 434:251-266. DOI: 10.3354/meps09214.
Muñoz-Vallés, S.; Cambrollé, J. (2014) - Successes and failures in the management of coastal dunes of SW Spain: Status analysis nine years after management decisions. Ecological Engineering, 71:415-425.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.07.042.
Neto, F.O.L.; Gorayeb, A.; Silva, E.V.; Rabelo, F.D.B. (2005) - Diagnóstico
ambiental e zoneamento funcional do estuário do rio Curú: subsídios para a gestão local e regional. Revista Eletrônica Geoaraguaia, 3:97-113. Available on-line at: https://www.google.com.br/
url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCoQFj
AA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%
2F4340792.pdf&ei=2q-PUp6CAoy7kQemzIGQAg&usg=AFQjCNGpVVGA
camoH26A-X7WMBG7XgQ4mQ&sig2=1b-Q-Vn9v7EaV22vG-cJlw&bvm=
bv.56988011,d.eW0
Otvos, E.G. (2000) - Beach ridges–definitions and significance.
Geomorphology, 32:83-108. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00075-6.
Pinheiro, M.V.A.; Moura-Fé, M.M.; Freitas, E.M.N. (2013) – The Dune Ecosystems and the Brazilian Environmental Legislation. GeoUERJ, 2(24):1-24. DOI: 10.12957/geouerj.2013.5546.
Portman, M.E (2007), - Zoning design for cross-border marine protected
areas: The Red Sea Marine Peace Park case study. Ocean & Coastal Management, 50(7):499–522. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2007.02.008
Queiroz, L.; Rossi, S.; Meireles, A.J.A. ; Coelho, C. (2013) - Shrimp
aquaculture in the federal state of Ceará, 1970-2012: Trends after
mangrove forest privatization in Brazil. Ocean & Coastal Management,
73:54-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.11.009.
Rodríguez, A.L.; Lozano-Rivera, L.; Sierra-Correa, P.C. (2012) -
Criterios de zonificación ambiental usando técnicas participativas y de información: estudio de caso zona costera del departamento Del atlántico. Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, 41(1):61-83. Available on-line at http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/mar/v41n1/
v41n1a04.pdf
Sabatini, M.C.; Verdiell, A.; Iglesias, R.M.R.; Vidal, M. (2007) - A
quantitative method for zoning of protected areas and its spatial
ecological implications. Journal of Environmental Management,
83(2):198–206. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.02.005
Samaras, A.G.; Koutitas, C.G. (2014) - The impact of watershed
management on coastal morphology: A case study using an
integrated approach and numerical modeling. Geomorphology,
211:52-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.12.029
Santos, M.R.R.; Ranieri, V.E.L. (2013) - Criteria for analyzing environmental zoning as an instrument in land use and spatial
planning. Ambiente & Sociedade, 16(4):43-62. Available on-line at
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/asoc/v16n4/en_04.pdf
Santos, C.V., Schiavetti, A (2014) – Spatial analysis of Protected
Areas of the coastal/marine environment of Brazil. Journal of Nature Conservation, 22(5):453-461. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2014.05.001
Schiavetti, A.; Manz, J.; Santos, C.Z.; Magro, T.C.; Pagani, M.I. (2013) – Marine Protected Areas in Brazil: An ecological approach regarding the large marine ecosystems. Ocean & Coastal Management, 76:96-104. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.003
Tsoar, H.; Levin, N.; Porat, N.; Maia, L.P.; Herrmann, H.J..; Tatumi, S.H.; Claudino-Sales, V. (2009) - The effect of climate change on the mobility and stability of coastal sand dunes in Ceará State (NE Brazil). Quaternary Research, 71(2):217-226.
DOI: 10.1016/j.yqres.2008.12.001
Tuan Vo, Q.; Kuenzer, C.; Minh Vo, Q.; Moder, F.; Oppelt, N. (2012) – Review of valuation methods for mangrove ecosystem services. Ecological Indicator, 23:431-446. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.04.022
Vila-Nova, D.A.; Ferreira, C.E.L.; Barbosa, F.B.; Floeter, S.R. (2014) - Reef fish hotspots as surrogates for marine conservation in the Brazilian coast. Ocean & Coastal Management, 102:88-93.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.09.005
Yan, N.; Baas, A.C.W. (2015) – Parabolic dunes and their transformations
under environmental and climatic changes: towards a conceptual framework for understanding and prediction. Global and Planetary Change, 124:123-148. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.11.010.
Albuquerque,A.G.B.M.; Ferreira,T.O.; Cabral,R.L.; Nobrega, G.N.; Romero, R.E.; Meireles,A.J.A.; Otero,X.L. (2014) - Hypersaline tidal flats (apicum ecosystems): the weak link in the tropical wetlands chain. Environmental Research, 22:99-109. DOI: 10.1139/er-2013-0026
Beeharry, Y.; Makoondlall-Chadee, T.; Bokhoree, C. (2014) - Policy Analysis for Performance Assessment of Integrated Coastal Zone Management Initiatives for Coastal Sustainability. APCBEE Procedia, 9:30–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.01.006
Bertrand, G. (1969) - Paisagem e Geografia Física global: esboço
metodológico. Caderno de Ciências da Terra, 13:1-21.
Bezaury-Creel, J.E. (2005) - Protected areas and coastal and ocean
management in México. Ocean & Coastal Management, 48(11–12):1016–1046. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.03.004
Buruaem, L.M.; Hortellani, M.A.; Sarkis, J.E.; Costa-Lotufo, L.V.; Abessa, D.M.S. (2012) - Contamination of port zone sediments by metals from Large Marine Ecosystems of Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64:479-488. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.01.017.
Day,V.; Paxinos, R.; Emmett, J.; Wright, A.; Goecker, M. (2008) - The Marine Planning Framework for South Australia: A new ecosystem-based zoning policy for marine management. Marine Policy, 32(4):535–543. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2007.10.009
Dias, F.J.S.; Castro, B.M.; Lacerda, L.D. (2013) - Continental shelf water masses off the Jaguaribe River (4S), northeastern Brazil. Continental Shelf Research, 66:123-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.10.010
Estima, D.C.; Ventura, M.A.M.; Rabinovici, A.; Martins, M.C.P.F. (2014) – Concession in tourism services and partnerships in the Marine National Park of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management, 14(2):215-232. DOI: 10.5894/rgci469.
Farrell, E.J.; Sherman, D.J.; Ellis, J.T.; Li, B. (2012) – Vertical distribution
of grain size for wind blown sand. Aeolian Research, 7:51-61.
DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.03.003.
Geneletti, D.; Van Duren, I. (2008) - Protected area zoning for conservation and use: A combination of spatial multicriteria and
multiobjective evaluation. Landscape and Urban Planning,
85(2):97–110. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.10.004.
Giri, C.; Ochieng, E.; Tieszen, L.L.; Zhu, Z.; Singh, A.; Loveland, T; Masek, J; Duke, N. (2010) - Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data. Global Ecology Biogeography, 584:1‐6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1466‐8238.2010.00584.x. P1‐6.
Gorayeb, A.; Souza, M.J.N.; Figueiredo, M.C.B.; Araújo, L F.P.; Rosa, M.F; Silva, E.V. (2005) - Aspectos geoambientais, condições de uso e ocupação do solo e níveis de desmatamento na bacia hidrográfica do rio Curú, Ceará-Brasil. Geografia, 14(2):85-106. Available on-line at:
http://www.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/geografia/article/view/6688
Grantham, H.S.; Agostini, V.N.; Wilson, J.; Mangubha, S.; Hidayat, N.; Muljadi, A.; Muhajir.; Rotinsulu, C.; Mongdong, M.; Beck, M.W.; Possingham, H.P. (2013) - A comparison of zoning analyses to inform the planning of a marine protected area network in Raja Ampat, Indonesia. Marine Policy, 38:184–194.
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2012.05.035
Han, G; Zhang, G.; Dong, Y. (2006) - A model for the active origin and development of source-bordering dunefields on a semiarid fluvial plain: A case study from the Xiliaohe Plain, Northeast China. Geomorphology, 86:512-524. DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.10.010.
Leão, Z.M.A.N.; Kikuchi, R.K.P.; Oliveira, M.D.M.; Soares, V.V. (2010) - Status of Eastern Brazilian Coral Reefs in Time of Climate Changes. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 5:52-63. Available on-line at:
http://www.panamjas.org/pdf_artigos/PANAMJAS_5(2)_224-235.pdf
Levin, N.; Neil, D.; Syktus, J. (2014) - Spatial variability of dune form on Moreton Island, Australia, and its correspondence with wind regime derived from observing stations and reanalyses. Aeolian Research, 15:289-300. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.06.006.
Li, F.; Xu, M.; Liu, Q.; Wang, Z.; Xu, W. (2014) - Ecological restoration
zoning for a marine protected area: A case study of Haizhouwan
National Marine Park, China. Ocean & Coastal Management,
9:158–166. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.06.013.
Mcwhinnie, L.; Briers, R.A.; Fernandes, T.F. (2015) – The development
and testing of a multiple-use zoning scheme for Scottish waters. Ocean & Coastal Management, 103:34-41.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.11.004
Moberg, F.; Rönnbäck, P. (2003) - Ecosystem services of the tropical
seascape: interactions, substitutions and restoration. Ocean & Coastal Management, 46:27–46. DOI: 10.1016/S0964-5691(02)00119-9.
Mora, C.; Sale, P.F. (2011) – Ongoing global biodiversity loss and need to move beyond protected areas: a review of the technical and practical shortcomings of protected areas on land and sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 434:251-266. DOI: 10.3354/meps09214.
Muñoz-Vallés, S.; Cambrollé, J. (2014) - Successes and failures in the management of coastal dunes of SW Spain: Status analysis nine years after management decisions. Ecological Engineering, 71:415-425.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.07.042.
Neto, F.O.L.; Gorayeb, A.; Silva, E.V.; Rabelo, F.D.B. (2005) - Diagnóstico
ambiental e zoneamento funcional do estuário do rio Curú: subsídios para a gestão local e regional. Revista Eletrônica Geoaraguaia, 3:97-113. Available on-line at: https://www.google.com.br/
url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCoQFj
AA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%
2F4340792.pdf&ei=2q-PUp6CAoy7kQemzIGQAg&usg=AFQjCNGpVVGA
camoH26A-X7WMBG7XgQ4mQ&sig2=1b-Q-Vn9v7EaV22vG-cJlw&bvm=
bv.56988011,d.eW0
Otvos, E.G. (2000) - Beach ridges–definitions and significance.
Geomorphology, 32:83-108. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00075-6.
Pinheiro, M.V.A.; Moura-Fé, M.M.; Freitas, E.M.N. (2013) – The Dune Ecosystems and the Brazilian Environmental Legislation. GeoUERJ, 2(24):1-24. DOI: 10.12957/geouerj.2013.5546.
Portman, M.E (2007), - Zoning design for cross-border marine protected
areas: The Red Sea Marine Peace Park case study. Ocean & Coastal Management, 50(7):499–522. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2007.02.008
Queiroz, L.; Rossi, S.; Meireles, A.J.A. ; Coelho, C. (2013) - Shrimp
aquaculture in the federal state of Ceará, 1970-2012: Trends after
mangrove forest privatization in Brazil. Ocean & Coastal Management,
73:54-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.11.009.
Rodríguez, A.L.; Lozano-Rivera, L.; Sierra-Correa, P.C. (2012) -
Criterios de zonificación ambiental usando técnicas participativas y de información: estudio de caso zona costera del departamento Del atlántico. Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, 41(1):61-83. Available on-line at http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/mar/v41n1/
v41n1a04.pdf
Sabatini, M.C.; Verdiell, A.; Iglesias, R.M.R.; Vidal, M. (2007) - A
quantitative method for zoning of protected areas and its spatial
ecological implications. Journal of Environmental Management,
83(2):198–206. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.02.005
Samaras, A.G.; Koutitas, C.G. (2014) - The impact of watershed
management on coastal morphology: A case study using an
integrated approach and numerical modeling. Geomorphology,
211:52-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.12.029
Santos, M.R.R.; Ranieri, V.E.L. (2013) - Criteria for analyzing environmental zoning as an instrument in land use and spatial
planning. Ambiente & Sociedade, 16(4):43-62. Available on-line at
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/asoc/v16n4/en_04.pdf
Santos, C.V., Schiavetti, A (2014) – Spatial analysis of Protected
Areas of the coastal/marine environment of Brazil. Journal of Nature Conservation, 22(5):453-461. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2014.05.001
Schiavetti, A.; Manz, J.; Santos, C.Z.; Magro, T.C.; Pagani, M.I. (2013) – Marine Protected Areas in Brazil: An ecological approach regarding the large marine ecosystems. Ocean & Coastal Management, 76:96-104. DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.003
Tsoar, H.; Levin, N.; Porat, N.; Maia, L.P.; Herrmann, H.J..; Tatumi, S.H.; Claudino-Sales, V. (2009) - The effect of climate change on the mobility and stability of coastal sand dunes in Ceará State (NE Brazil). Quaternary Research, 71(2):217-226.
DOI: 10.1016/j.yqres.2008.12.001
Tuan Vo, Q.; Kuenzer, C.; Minh Vo, Q.; Moder, F.; Oppelt, N. (2012) – Review of valuation methods for mangrove ecosystem services. Ecological Indicator, 23:431-446. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.04.022
Vila-Nova, D.A.; Ferreira, C.E.L.; Barbosa, F.B.; Floeter, S.R. (2014) - Reef fish hotspots as surrogates for marine conservation in the Brazilian coast. Ocean & Coastal Management, 102:88-93.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.09.005
Yan, N.; Baas, A.C.W. (2015) – Parabolic dunes and their transformations
under environmental and climatic changes: towards a conceptual framework for understanding and prediction. Global and Planetary Change, 124:123-148. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.11.010.
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