Volume 40, Nº 1 - março 2019
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DOI:10.5894/rh40n1-d2
Este artigo é parte integrante da Revista Recursos Hídricos,
Vol. 40, Nº 1, 19-39, março de 2019.
Estrona, estradiol, etinilestradiol e diclofenac em águas superficiais portuguesas e sua contextualização internacional
Maria João Rocha1,2* e Eduardo Rocha1,2
1 Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia,
Departamento de Microscopia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas
Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (U.Porto),
Portugal
2 Equipa de Histomorfologia, Fisiopatologia e Toxicologia
Aplicada, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e
Ambiental (CIIMAR), U.Porto, Portugal.
* Autor correspondente. Email: [email protected]
RESUMO
No espaço comunitário europeu a ocorrência de micropoluentes no ambiente tem vindo a ser motivo de grande preocupação. Neste sentido, além da criação em 2000 da Diretiva Quadro da Água (DQA), existe a Decisão de Execução (UE) 2015/495 da Comissão, que define uma lista de contaminantes de preocupação emergente, cuja monitorização deverá ser sistemática em todas as águas superficiais da União Europeia. Entre estes, realçam-se, pelo seu potencial de elevada atividade e toxicidade, três estrogénios (estrona, E1; 17-?-estradiol, E2; e 17-?-etinilestradiol, EE2), e vários produtos farmacêuticos, entre eles um anti-inflamatório não esteroide (diclofenac, DCF). O principal objetivo deste trabalho de revisão é oferecer uma síntese integrada de estudos feitos em Portugal e no Mundo, versando o pertinente problema da ocorrência dos micropoluentes supracitados no ambiente aquático. Faz-se aqui a comparação das zonas estudadas em Portugal, entre si e contextualizando-as de um ponto de vista internacional, com recurso a dados bibliográficos. Por outro lado, e do ponto de vista biológico, alude-se neste artigo à questão dos potenciais impactos fisiológicos e ambientais dos compostos pesquisados, segundo as concentrações em causa e enquadrando-os nas listas dos químicos considerados nocivos, ou sob vigilância, segundo a DQA. Por fim, pondera-se a pertinência e perspetiva de novos estudos nesta matéria.
Palavras-chave: Diretiva Quadro da Água (DQA); Decisão de Execução 2015/495; Micropoluentes aquáticos; Substâncias prioritárias.
ABSTRACT
In the common European space, the occurrence of
micropollutants in the environment has been a matter of great
concern. Therefore, in addition to the creation of the Water
Framework Directive (WFD) in 2000, there is a list of
contaminants of emerging concern, included in Commission
Implementing Decision 2015/495, which should be systematically
monitored in all surface waters of the European Union. Among
these, three oestrogens (estrone, E1; 17-?-estradiol, E2; and
17-?-ethynylestradiol, EE2), and several pharmaceutical
products, including a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
(diclofenac, DCF), are highlighted for their potential high
activity and toxicity. The main objective of this review is to
offer an integrated synthesis of the existing studies in
Portugal and in the world, on a pertinent fundamental problem
that consists of the occurrence of the aforementioned
micropollutants in the aquatic environment, comparing the
areas studied in Portugal among them and contextualizing them
from an international point of view, using bibliographic data.
On the other hand, and from the biological point of view, this
paper refers to the issues of potential physiological and
environmental impacts of the researched compounds, according
to the concentrations in question and in view of their
inclusion in the lists of chemicals considered harmful, or
under surveillance, according to the WFD. Finally, the
relevance and perspective of further studies in this area are
considered.
Keywords: Water Framework Directive (WFD);
Commission Implementing Decision 2015/495; aquatic
micropollutants; priority substances.
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