Revista
Recursos Hídricos
DOI:10.5894/rh42n1-cti11
Este artigo é parte integrante da Revista Recursos Hídricos, Vol. 42, Nº 1, 101-112, março de 2021.
Abordagem integrada de escorrências rodoviárias em cenários de alterações climáticas
Integrated management of road runoff under climate change scenarios
Ana Estela BARBOSA1, João Nuno FERNANDES2
1 Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, [email protected]
2 Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Av. Brasil, [email protected]
RESUMO
A gestão da água em cenários de alterações climáticas é uma oportunidade para rever metodologias, criando soluções inovadoras e promotoras de resiliência e sustentabilidade. A concentração de poluentes em massas de água encontra-se associada à integração de variáveis hidrológicas e das origens e características da poluição pontual e difusa. Através de um exemplo concreto aplicado às estradas - uma fonte de poluição difusa - este trabalho pretende alertar para a necessidade de revisitar abordagens da gestão de recursos hídricos. Com base na revisão da literatura e na consulta a especialistas, quatro ferramentas para a previsão de poluentes em escorrências de estradas, estabelecidas nos EUA e na Europa, foram selecionadas e testadas em 22 estradas, de 7 países europeus. Os resultados para as concentrações médias do lugar para os SST, Zn, Cu, Pb e Cd demostraram que nenhuma das ferramentas foi eficaz na previsão das concentrações destes poluentes, exceto para o país onde a dita ferramenta foi calibrada. Mesmo para casos de estudo em regiões ou países com ferramentas de previsão é recomendável a realização de monitorizações periódicas para validação das concentrações. Este exemplo, a experiência dos autores e a revisão da literatura realçam a necessidade de rever expectativas e abordagens de controlo de fontes de poluição, incluindo também a incerteza gerada pelos cenários de alterações climáticas. Ainda há caminho a percorrer para melhorar a gestão de situações críticas, tanto em termos da disponibilidade de informação adequada à tomada de decisão, como à compreensão por parte dos utilizadores dos pressupostos e incertezas destas projeções. A boa comunicação e dinâmica colaborativa entre investigadores, stakeholders e decisores é também fundamental para promover melhorias na gestão de recursos hídricos.
Palavras-chave: Poluição difusa; escorrências rodoviárias; ferramentas de previsão; gestão da qualidade da água; alterações climáticas.
ABSTRACT
The water management under climate change scenarios is an opportunity to review methodologies in order to create innovative solutions that promote resilience and sustainability. The concentration of pollutants in water bodies is associated with the integration of hydrological variables and the origins and characteristics of point and diffuse pollution. Through a concrete example applied to roads - a source of diffuse pollution - this work aims at alerting to the need of revisit approaches to water resources management. Based on literature review and consultation of experts, four tools from the USA and Europe were selected and tested at 22 road sites, from 7 European countries. The results for the site median concentrations of TSS, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd showed that none of the tools could predict the road runoff pollutant concentrations, except for the country where it has been calibrated. Even for case studies in regions or countries with prediction tools, periodic monitoring is recommended to validate concentrations. This example, the authors’ experience and the literature review highlight the need to review expectations and approaches to control pollution sources, including the uncertainty generated by climate change scenarios. There are still steps ahead to improve water management in the context of climate change, both in terms of the availability of information necessary for decision making and regarding the understanding by users of the assumptions and uncertainties of these projections. The good communication and collaborative dynamics between researchers, stakeholders and decision-makers is also essential to promote the necessary improvements in the management of water resources.
Keywords: Diffuse pollution; road runoff; prediction tools; water quality management; climate change.
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