Volume 43, Nº 2 - dezembro 2022
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DOI:10.5894/rh43n2-cti4
Este artigo é parte integrante da Revista Recursos Hídricos, Vol. 43, Nº 2, 53-62, dezembro de 2022.
Detecção de bactérias na água tratada e armazenada em reservatórios domésticos utilizando citometria de fluxo
Detection of bacteria in treated water stored in domestic reservoirs using flow cytometry
Leandro Manoel Afonso Mendes1, Hugo Sarmento2 *
* Autor correspondente: [email protected]
1 Departamento de Medicina (DMed), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) - Rod. Washington Luiz 13565-905 - São Carlos, SP Brasil
2 Prof. Dr. - Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Processos Microbianos (LMPB), Departamento de Hidrobiologia (DHb), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) - Rod. Washington Luiz 13565-905 - São Carlos, SP Brasil
RESUMO
A qualidade da água é o fator individual mais importante para garantir a saúde pública. O objetivo das estações de tratamento de água é fornecer um suprimento seguro de água potável para a população, garantindo a ausência e limitando o crescimento de qualquer microrganismo que possa estar associado a patogenicidade. Independente do meio de desinfecção, é comum as bactérias regredirem durante o tratamento e distribuição da água. As bactérias são autóctones na água potável e em sua grande maioria, não podem ser cultivadas em laboratório. No entanto, as contagens baseadas em placas de cultivo são o método mais usado mundialmente como um parâmetro geral de qualidade microbiana de água potável. Diversos estudos demonstraram a presença de microrganismos na água potável ou em biofilmes utilizando técnicas mais sensíveis como a citometria de fluxo, que ainda não é utilizada no Brasil com esta aplicação. Este método é utilizado para enumeração direta das concentrações totais de células na água, utilizando marcadores de ácidos nucléicos fluorescentes e detecção de características específicas de cada célula (single-cell). Existem na literatura relatos de detecção de microrganismos, alguns patógenos, em água de distribuição, reforçando a importância de tais achados para a saúde coletiva. Além disso, os estudos existentes concentram-se em países onde não existem caixas d’água residenciais no circuito de distribuição, um elemento que pode deteriorar a qualidade da água nele armazenada. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi verificar e quantificar a presença de bactérias em caixas d’água residenciais, através da técnica de citometria de fluxo.
Palavras-chave: Rede de água tratada, água potável armazenada, parâmetros microbiológicos da água, água potável, bactérias.
ABSTRACT
Water quality is the most important factor that ensures public health. The purpose of water treatment plants is to provide a safe supply of drinking water to the population, ensuring the absence and limiting the growth of microorganisms that may be associated to pathogenicity. Regardless of the means of disinfection, it is common for bacteria to regress during the water treatment and distribution. Most drinking water bacteria cannot be grown in cultures. However, counts based on culture plates are used worldwide as a general parameter of microbiological quality of drinking water. Several studies have demonstrated the presence of microorganisms in drinking water or biofilms using more refined techniques such as flow cytometry, which is still not commonly used in Brazil with this application. This method is used for direct enumeration of total cell concentrations in water, using fluorescent nucleic acid markers and detecting specific characteristics of each cell (single-cell). There are reports in the literature of microorganisms detection, some pathogens, in distribution water, reinforcing the importance of such findings for public health. In addition, the existing studies focus on countries where there are no residential water tanks in the distribution circuit, an element that can deteriorate the quality of the water stored there. The general objective of this study was to verify and quantify the presence of bacteria in residential water tanks, using the flow cytometry technique.
Keywords: Drinking water network, stored drinking water, water microbiological parameters, drinking water, bacteria.
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