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Volume 18, Issue 1 - March 2018

 

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Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 18, Issue 1, March 2018, Pages 49-69

DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n120
* Submission: 8 JUN 2017; Peer review: 2 AGO 2017; Revised: 2 JUN 2018; Accepted: 2 JUN 2018; Available on-line: 2 JUL 2018

Desenvolvimento Experimental de uma Estratégia de Controle Morfodinâmico de Perfil de Praia Arenosa Dominada por Ondas

Experimental Development of a Morphodynamic Profile Control Strategy for Wave-Dominated Beaches

Douglas Duarte Nemes1, Marcos Nicolás Gallo2, Francisco Pedocchi3


1 Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68508, bloco I, sala 100, Rio de Janeiro, [email protected]
2 Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Engenharia COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68508, bloco I, sala 100, Rio de Janeiro, [email protected]
3 Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Mecánica de los Fluidos e Ingenería Ambiental. Montevideo, Uruguai; [email protected]


RESUMO
As estratégias de engenharia costeira para adaptação da população e suas atividades socioeconômicas ao redor dos oceanos é um tema que está em toda a história da civilização. Um dos desafios atuais é conter os processos erosivos no litoral, onde muitas cidades estão sentindo os efeitos do recuo da linha de costa. Para isto, as necessidades da sociedade moderna devem ser incluídas nos projetos de engenharia costeira, os quais devem ser desenvolvidos tendo em conta os conceitos naturais da dinâmica de cada sistema. O objetivo do presente estudo é demonstrar que um perfil arenoso, similar ao de praias do tipo intermediárias e que são vulneráveis ao processo erosivo, pode ser adaptado para se tornar um perfil predominantemente dissipativo, através da presença de um banco arenoso distal capaz de induzir a rebentação das ondas. No desenvolvimento desta estratégia foram utilizados os conceitos da morfodinâmica transversal de praias arenosas e o de estruturas costeiras submersas porosas. Para o efeito, uma estrutura porosa foi posicionada no antinó da oscilação hidrodinâmica longitudinal do sistema criado num canal de ondas. Com isso foi possível acumular sedimentos e ativar a formação de um banco arenoso distal. Esta forma morfológica passou a induzir a rebentação de ondas. Por sua vez, foi gerada uma larga e turbulenta zona de rebentação que passou a dissipar mais energia do que a ‘natural’. Um sistema morfodinâmico dissipativo foi criado durante os testes com ondas de alta e baixa energia. A estratégia de utilizar uma estrutura submersa com alta porosidade tem a vantagem de se integrar no processo morfodinâmico natural. Além disso, é uma estrutura leve em relação às tradicionais soluções de engenharia costeira, e que pode ser economicamente mais atrativa.

Palavras-chave: Engenharia Costeira; Estruturas Submersas Porosas; Bancos de Areia.

ABSTRACT
Coastal engineering strategies to adapt population and their socioeconomic activities around the oceans is a theme that is constantly present in the history of civilization. One of the main current challenges is to contain erosive processes on the shore, where many cities are feeling the effects of the coastline retreat. For this reason, the needs of modern society must be included in coastal engineering projects, which should be developed taking into account the natural concepts of the dynamics of each system. This is the motivation of the present study, which aims to demonstrate that a sandy profile that is vulnerable to erosive processes can be managed to become a predominantly dissipative profile, by introducing a sandy bank able to induce wave breaking. For this strategy, concepts of transverse morphodynamics of sandy beaches and of submerged porous coastal structures were used. When the structure was placed in the location of the anti-node of the system`s longitudinal hydrodynamic oscillation within a wave channel, it was possible to control the transport of sediments. The strategy was to accumulate the sediments inside the porous structure to replicate the shape of a distal sandy bank, which started to induce waves’ breaking. In turn, a wide and turbulent breaking zone was generated able to dissipate more energy than the ‘natural’ breaking zone. A dissipative morphodynamic system was predominant during the high and low wave energy scenarios. The strategy of using a submersible structure with high porosity has the advantage of being integrated in the natural morphodynamic processes. In addition, this is a lightweight structure compared to the traditional coastal engineering solutions, and it can be economically more attractive.

Keywords: Coastal Engineering; Submerged Porous Breakwater; Sandbars.

 

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