Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 10, Número 3, Setembro 2010, Páginas 381-393

DOI: 10.5894/rgci215
* Submissão – 3 Junho 2010; Avaliação – 27 Julho 2010; Recepção da versão revista – 23 Agosto 2010; Disponibilização on-line – 26 Agosto 2010

Estudo da contaminação por resíduos sólidos na ilha do Arvoredo, reserva biológica marinha do Arvoredo - SC, Brasil *

Study of the contamination of litter in island Arvoredo, marine biological reserve of the Arvoredo - SC, Brasil

Arthur Antônio Machado ^{@, 1}, Gilberto Fillmann ¹

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@ - Autor correspondente: [email protected]
1 - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande

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RESUMO
A contaminação por resíduos sólidos no ambiente marinho é uma questão que deve ser tratada com cuidado, uma vez que a sua importância é crescente desde a substituição de materiais degradáveis por outros não degradáveis. A Reserva Biológica Marinha do Arvoredo (RBMA) enquadra-se na mais restritiva categoria das unidades de conservação integral. Apesar disso, a contaminação por resíduos sólidos tem sido evidente. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar e qualificar os resíduos sólidos encontrados na ilha do Arvoredo (27°17’S; 048°22’W), principal ilha da RBMA. Foram realizadas cinco coletas no período de fevereiro de 2004 a janeiro de 2005, utilizando dois métodos de amostragem: a) coletas junto ao fundo através de técnicas de busca e recuperação utilizando mergulho autônomo e, b) manualmente na costa adjacente (coletando a totalidade de resíduos sólidos, exceto madeira, nas áreas amostradas). A metodologia de fundo foi utilizada em 15 amostragens ao longo das 5 saídas no Saco do Farol e no Saco do Vidal (fora da RBMA) e se mostrou viável para transparências acima de 1m e profundidades até 15m. Já as amostragens na costa da ilha foram realizadas em duas áreas distintas, no Saco das Balas (dentro da RBMA), e nos Sacos do Farol e Vidal (fora dos limites da RBMA). Os resultados demonstraram que há uma elevada contaminação por resíduos sólidos na ilha do Arvoredo, tanto na costa quanto no fundo marinho. Os principais tipos de resíduos encontrados no fundo foram cabos, âncoras, pneus e linhas de pesca, enquanto que na costa foram isopores (que são utilizados como flutuadores de redes e em caixas térmicas para alimento e pescado) e garrafas e recipientes plásticos (utilizados para o transporte de bebidas e de óleo lubrificante e combustíveis). Os resíduos encontrados no presente estudo tiveram uma origem predominantemente marinha, oriunda provavelmente de embarcações de turismo e/ou pesqueiras que realizam suas atividades ao redor da Reserva.

Palavras-chave: Unidade de Conservação, mergulho autônomo, ilha costeira, resíduos sólidos.

ABSTRACT
Marine environment contamination by debris is an issue that must be treated carefully, since its importance grows due to the substitution of biodegradable for non-degradable materials. The Arvoredo Marine Biological Reserve (RBMA) is categorized as the most restrict conservation unit, according to Brazilian National Conservation Unit System (SNUC). Visitation in this kind of units is allowed for environmental education and scientific purpose only. Despite of that, the marine debris contamination is evident. Thus, this work identified and quantified all the debris found at Arvoredo Island (27°17’S; 048°22’W), the main island of RBMA. Samples were taken during 5 fieldworks (February 2004 (summer), May 2004 (autumn), July 2004 (winter), October 2004 (spring) and January 2005 (summer)) using two different sampling methods: a) bottom sampling by scuba diving using search and recovery technique and, b) manual sampling at the adjacent coastal shore (collected all debris in the sampling area except wood debris). The bottom sampling was used in 15 samples at Farol Bay and Vidal Bay (both outside from RBMA). The applied technique showed to be viable for waters with at least 1m of transparence and up to 15 meters. The coastal shore of the island was sampled in the Bala Bay (within the RBMA), and the Farol Bay and Vidal Bay (outside the boundaries of RBMA). Compared to others studies around the world, Arvoredo island showed high levels of contamination at sea bottom (an average of 14.4 items/1.000m²) and coastal shore (an average of 3.33 items/m). During the sampling period, the coastal shore located inside the RBMA was always more contaminated than the one located outside the conservation unit. Cable, anchor, tire and fishing line were the most common materials found at the bottom, while styrofoam (used in floating net artifacts and coolers for food and fish), bottles and other plastic recipients (used to carry juices, soft drinks, spirits, homemade chili, engine lubricating oil and fuel) were at coastal shore. Some of the recipients were even found full of lubricant oil and fuel. The residues found in this study had a predominantly marine origin, probably deriving from touristic boats and/or carrying out fishing activities around the conservation unit area. At least the presence of fishermen in the area is evident, since they use these kind of materials for daily on board activities.

Keywords: Conservation Unit, scuba diving, coastal island, marine debris.

 

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