Volume 13, Issue 1 - March 2013
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Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 13, Número 1, Março 2013, Páginas 101-111
DOI: 10.5894/rgci371
* Submission: 20 October 2012; Evaluation: 25 November 2012; Revised manuscript:
15 February 2013; Accepted: 20 February 2013; Available on-line: 5 March 2013
Factors affecting the distribution of epibenthic biodiversity in the Cávado estuary (NW Portugal) *
Fatores que afetam a distribuição da biodiversidade epibentónica do
estuário do Cávado (NW Portugal)
A. N. Carvalho @, 1, P. T. Santos 1
@ - Corresponding author ancarvalho@gmail.com
1 - Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Ciências, Rua Campo Alegre s/n,
4169-007 Porto, Portugal / CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de
Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto,
Portugal
ABSTRACT
The epibenthic fauna of the lower Cávado estuary at five sampling
stations was studied over a period of two years. We examined the
spatial and seasonal distribution of different species and analysed
temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, precipitation and sediment
type, which are all important features of estuarine dynamics. A total
of 15 taxa were identified. Crustaceans had the highest levels of
abundance (91%) and biomass (87%). Crangon crangon was the most
abundant species (75%) and Carcinus maenas had the highest biomass
(71%). No exotic species were recorded. Multivariate analysis showed
two different spatial assemblages, one corresponding to stations
nearest to the mouth (higher abundance values) and other to the
upstream stations. The Shannon diversity index was highest at the
margin station further upstream. Three different assemblages could be
distinguished, separating summer/autumn (higher values of abundance)
from spring and from winter.
According to BIOENV analysis, dissolved oxygen, water temperature and
salinity were the environmental variables responsible for the spatial
and seasonal distribution of epibenthos, explaining 17.2% of
variability. Abundance and biomass were better correlated with water
temperature. Sediment type was also important in epibenthic spatial
distribution, being abundance, biomass and diversity indexes better
correlated with fine sediment (<0.125mm).
Keywords: epibenthos; estuarine ecosystem; diversity; environmental variables
RESUMO
A fauna epibentónica do estuário inferior do Rio Cávado foi estudada em
cinco estações de amostragem durante um período de dois anos.
Apresentamos a distribuição espacial e sazonal das diferentes espécies
e uma análise da temperatura, salinidade, oxigénio dissolvido,
precipitação e tipo de sedimento, sendo todas, importantes
características da dinâmica estuarina. Foram identificados um total de
15 taxa. Os crustáceos apresentaram os valores mais elevados de
abundância (91%) e biomassa (87%). Crangon crangon foi a espécie mais
abundante (75%) e Carcinus maenas apresentou o valor de biomassa mais
elevado (71%). Nenhuma espécie exótica foi registada neste estuário.
Análise multivariada mostrou dois grupos espaciais diferentes, um
correspondendo às estações de amostragem mais próximas da boca do
estuário (valores mais elevados de abundância) e outro às estações de
montante. O valor do índice de diversidade de Shannon foi mais elevado
a montante na estação localizada na margem. Três grupos diferentes
podem ser distinguidos, separando o verão/outono (valores elevados de
abundância) da primavera e do inverno.
Segundo a análise BIOENV, o oxigénio dissolvido, a temperatura e a
salinidade da água, foram as variáveis ambientais responsáveis pela
distribuição espacial e sazonal dos epibentos, explicando 17.2% da
variabilidade. A abundância e a biomassa estiveram melhor
correlacionadas com a temperatura. O tipo de sedimento também foi
importante na distribuição espacial dos epibentos, sendo que a
abundância, biomassa e índices de diversidade estiveram melhor
correlacionados com o sedimento fino (<0.125mm).
Palavras-Chave: epibentos; ecossistema estuarino; diversidade; variáveis ambientais
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