Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 15, Número 3, Setembro 2015, Páginas 333-351

Supporting Information (744KB, PDF)

DOI: 10.5894/rgci578
* Submission: 16 JAN 2015; Peer review: 24 FEB 2015; Revised: 9 MAY 2015; Accepted: 25 MAY 2015; Available on-line: 1 JUN 2015

Design and evaluation of marine and coastal governance indicators for the Southern Mexican region

Isaac Azuz-Adeath^@,a; César García-Gutiérrez^b; Humberto Alonso-Peinado^b; Carlos Torres-Navarrete^c; Salomón Díaz-Mondragón^d

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@ - Corresponding author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
a - CETYS-University, Center for Higher and Technical Education, Engineering School and Graduate Program in Sustainable Development, Km 1 Camino Microondas, Trinidad S/N, Ensenada, B.C., México. e-mail: Azuz-Adeath <[email protected]>.
b - Atlas Terra Consultores, Ensenada, B.C., México. e-mail: García-Gutiérrez <[email protected]>.
c - Mexico National Oceanographic Data Center/Institute for Oceanologic Research (UABC), Ensenada, B.C., México. e-mail: Torres-Navarrete <[email protected]>.
d - Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT), Mexico City. e-mail: Díaz-Mondragón <[email protected]>

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ABSTRACT
This paper presents a set of coastal and marine governance indicators for the southern Mexican coast; this set of indicators was developed as a part of the database, information and knowledge provision for the Regional and Marine Planning Process for six -southern and central- Pacific coastal states (RMPP-SCP). The theoretical framework and methodological approach followed the concepts developed by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC-UNESCO). The following three different spatial/administrative scales were used: regional, state and county levels. This paper mainly examined the countylevel results. A total of forty-six indicators were created, evaluated and used to define four compound indexes related with the institutional, policy and legal arrangements; the adequacy of the management process; the information, knowledge and participation level and the mainstreaming of the planning proposals, finally, aggregating these four indexes one general governance index for the region was proposed. We explored the internal consistency of the indicators by running several uncertainty analyses that entailed evaluating the effect of the aggregation method, the weighted scheme and the exclusion of individual indicators in the overall performance of the study region and its four dimensions (goals). The general governance index shows only 9% (5/53) of the total counties with a regular/medium governance level and 91% (48/53) with poor/bad governance level. An interesting and expected finding was the observation of a significant correlation between the general governance index and the governmental poverty level index. Using the governance results, the paper proposes several paths to implement the RMPPSCP actions at county or state level; identifies the key elements (i.e. indicators, objectives, goals) to work on them in order to have more chances of success in implementing the program, and the critical variables (related to governance) that need to be > improved to maintain or improve the environmental quality of the region. The set of governance indicators could be applied to other regions in the country for promoting integrated coastal and marine planning and management, but also could provide practical benefits for the development of municipalities and states when using them as benchmarking strategies.

Keywords: Governance Indicators, Coastal, Marine, Planning Process, Mexico

Concepção e avaliação de indicadores de governança marinhos e costeiros para a região sul do México

RESUMO
Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de indicadores de governança costeiros e marinhos para a costa sul do México; este conjunto de indicadores foi desenvolvido como parte da base de dados, informação e conhecimento para o Processo de Planeamento Regional e Marinho em seis estados costeiros, meridionais e centrais, do Pacífico (RMPP-SCP). O referencial teórico e a abordagem metodológica seguiram os conceitos desenvolvidos pela Comissão Oceanográfica Intergovernamental (COI-UNESCO). Utilizaram-se as três escalas espaciais e administrativas seguintes: regional, estadual e municipal. Neste trabalho examinaram-se, principalmente, os resultados a nível municipal. No total, criaram-se, avaliaram-se e utilizaram-se quarenta e seis indicadores para definir quatro índices compostos, relacionados com a) arranjos institucionais, políticos e legais; b) com a adequação dos processos de gestão; c) com a informação, conhecimento e nível de participação; e d) com a integração das propostas de planeamento. Finalmente, estes quatro índices foram agregados por forma a propor um índice geral de governança para a região. A consistência interna dos indicadores foi testada através de várias análises de incerteza, o que implicou avaliar o efeito do método de agregação, o esquema ponderado e a exclusão de indicadores individuais no desempenho geral da região de estudo e as suas quatro dimensões (metas). O índice geral de governança revela que apenas 9% (5/53) do total de municípios apresentam um nível de governança regular / médio e que 91% (48/53) têm nível de governança baixo / mau. Um resultado interessante, ainda que esperado, foi a observação de uma correlação significativa entre o índice de governança geral e o índice governamental do nível de pobreza. Utilizando os resultados do índice de governança, propõem-se várias vias para implementar as acções RMPP-SCP a nível municipal ou estadual, identifica os elementos- chave (ou seja, indicadores, objectivos, metas) que devem ser considerados para ter mais hipóteses de sucesso na implementação do programa, e distingue as variáveis críticas (relacionadas com a governança) que precisam ser melhorados para manter ou melhorar a qualidade ambiental da região. O conjunto de indicadores de governança poderá ser aplicado a outras regiões do país para promover o planeamento e a gestão costeira e marinha integrada, mas também pode fornecer benefícios práticos para o desenvolvimento dos municípios e estados ao utilizá-los como estratégias de aferição.

Palavras-chave: Indicadores de Governança, Costeiros, Marinhos, Processo de Planeamento, México

 

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Termeer, C.; Dewulf, A. (2014) − Scale-sensitivity as a governance
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Pieces of Legislation

1988 - Ley General del Equilibrio Ecológico y la Protección al Ambiente.
Diario Oficial de la Federación de 28 de enero de 1988.
Available on-line at http://ordenjuridicodemo.segob.gob.mx/Federal/Combo/L-158.pdf

Internet Resources

INEGI (2010) – México en cifras. Información nacional, por
entidad federativa y municipios. (“Total Population” by state),
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía de México
(INEGI). http://www.inegi.org.mx/

INEGI-CONABIO-INE (2008) − Ecoregiones terrestres de México,
2008. In: CONABIO web page. Instituto Nacional de Estadística
y Geografía (INEGI), Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Instituto Nacional de
Ecología (INE), Tlalpan, D.F., Mexico. http://www.conabio.gob.mx/
informacion/gis/layouts/ecort08gw.png

SEGOB (w/d) – Mapa de Sismicidad. Secretaría de Gobernación
(SEGOB), Sistema Nacional de Protección Civil de México,
D.F., México. http://sismos.gob.mx/en/sismos/

SEMARNAT (2012) − Ordenamiento Ecologíco. Secretaría de
Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT), D.F.,
México. http://www.semarnat.gob.mx/temas/ordenamiento-ecologico

SEMARNAT (2014b) –Resultados de Calidad del Agua de Mar.
Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales
http://www.semarnat.gob.mx/temas/estadisticas-ambientales/programade-
(SEMARNAT), D.F., México. playas-limpias/resultados-de-calidad-de-agua-de-mar

SMN (w/d) –Ciclones que han impactado en México 1970-2011.
Servicio Meteorológico Nacional de México (SMN), Comisión
Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA), D.F., México.
http://smn.cna.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id
=38&Itemid=102

SNIA-SEMARNAT (w/d) - Sistema Nacional de Indicadores
Ambientales. Indicadores Básicos del Desempeño Ambiental de
México. Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales
(SEMARNAT), D.F., México. http://app1.semarnat.gob.mx/dgeia/
indicadores13/conjuntob/00_conjunto/temas.html

   

 

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