Volume 15, Issue 4 - December 2015
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- Abstract / Resumo
- References / Bibliografia
- Citations / Citações
Revista de Gestão Costeira
Integrada
Volume
15, Número 4, Dezembro 2015, Páginas 467-484
DOI: 10.5894/rgci553
* Submission: 11 SEP 2014; Peer review: 11 OCT 2014; Revised: 25 MAY
2015; Accepted: 7 JUN 2015; Available on-line: 8 JUN 2015
Supporting Information (295KB, PDF)
Long-term morphological evolution of urban pocket beaches in
Montevideo (Uruguay): impacts of coastal interventions and links to
climate forcing *
Ofelia Gutiérrez @, a; Daniel Panarioa; Gustavo J. Nagyb; Gustavo Piñeiroc; Carlos Montesd
@ - Corresponding author to whom
correspondence should be addressed.
a - Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de
Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales (IECA), UNCIEP, Montevideo, Uruguay. e-mails:
Gutiérrez <[email protected]>;
<[email protected]>;
Panario
<[email protected]>;
<[email protected]>
b - Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de
Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales (IECA), Grupo de Cambio Ambiental y
Gestión Costero Marina, Oceanografía y Ecología Marina, Montevideo,
Uruguay. e-mail: <[email protected]>;
<[email protected]>
c - Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de
Ciencias Geológicas, Departamento de Evolución de Cuencas, Montevideo,
Uruguay. e-mail: <[email protected]>;
<[email protected]>
d - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento
de Ecología, Madrid, España. e-mail:
<[email protected]>
ABSTRACT
Two pocket beaches, Ramírez and Pocitos (Montevideo, Uruguay) are analyzed to assessing their evolution (erosion/accretion) associated with human interventions and climatic forcings from 1927-2008. A multitemporal study was conducted using GIS, long series of aerial photos, satellite imagery, survey of historical background, and statistical analysis. Qualitative indicators of the stability of the beach area are proposed. The relevance of this methodology is analyzed on beaches whose fluctuations tend to mask their long-term evolution. Both beaches remain relatively stable but fluctuating since 1927, with slight loss of surface, especially in Ramírez. The influence of the following factors is discussed: i) human interventions; ii) ENSO events; iii) storm surges; iv) changes in beach area according to the Bruun rule and rising sea level in Montevideo. Although the four of them appear to have acted in different periods, the evidence is not conclusive regarding their relative quantitative importance. This article highlights the importance of using long series of remote sensing and historical analysis to interpret processes linked to inertia of the past in environments that have been modified from longstanding. The trend analysis of these two urban pocket beaches allows to infer that their resilience has not been affected yet, which would allow them to face not extreme climatic stressors. For the purpose of better management it is recommended to: i) conduct continuous monitoring; ii) minimize the actions of mechanized cleaning and sand losses by leakage or removal; iii) implement the reconstruction of natural structures such as primary dunes; and iv) apply the methodology explained in this paper in other Montevideo urban beaches to better understand the climate forcings.
Keywords: Remote sensing, sandy beaches, coastline proxy records, erosion/accretion, omega parameter, coastal management
Evolução morfológica de longo prazo das praias urbanas de bolso de Montevidéu (Uruguai): impactos das intervenções costeiras e relações com as forçantes climáticas
RESUMOEvolução morfológica de longo prazo das praias urbanas de bolso de Montevidéu (Uruguai): impactos das intervenções costeiras e relações com as forçantes climáticas. Duas praias de bolso, Ramírez e Pocitos (Montevideo, Uruguai) foram analisados para avaliar a sua evolução (erosão / acreção) associado a intervenções humanas e forçantes climáticas durante o período 1927-2008. Para tal, desenvolveu-se estudo multitemporal utilizando GIS, uma série longa de fotos aéreas, imagens de satélite, exame dos antecedentes históricos, e análise estatística. São propostos indicadores qualitativos da estabilidade da praia. A relevância da metodologia utilizada é analisada em praias cujas variações tendem a mascarar a sua evolução a longo prazo. Ambas as praias permaneceram, desde 1927, relativamente estáveis, embora com variações e ligeira perda de superfície, especialmente a praia de Ramirez. Neste artigo é discutida a influência dos seguintes fatores: i) intervenções humanas; ii) eventos de El Niño; iii) temporais; iv) mudanças na praia de acordo com a regra Bruun e elevação do nível do mar, em Montevidéu. Embora os quatro fatores referidos tenham atuado em diferentes períodos, as evidências não são conclusivas quanto à sua importância quantitativa relativa. O artigo destaca a importância da utilização de séries longas de sensoriamento remoto e da análise histórica na interpretação dos processos ligados à inércia do passado em ambientes que foram modificados desde há muito. A análise de tendências destas duas praias urbanas de bolso permite inferir que a sua resistência ainda não foi afetada, o que lhes permitiria enfrentar os estressores climáticos extremos. Com o objetivo de conseguir uma melhor gestão, recomenda-se: i) realizar monitoramento contínuo; ii) minimizar as ações de limpeza mecanizada e as perdas de areia por vazamento ou remoção; iii) implementar a reconstrução de estruturas naturais, como dunas primárias; e iv) aplicar a metodologia apresentada neste artigo noutras praias urbanas de Montevidéu para compreender melhor as forçantes climáticas.
Palavras-chave: sensoriamento remoto, praias de areia, indicadores da linha de costa, erosão / acreção, parâmetros omega, gestão costeira.
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