Volume 15, Issue 4 - December 2015
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- Abstract / Resumo
- References / Bibliografia
- Citations / Citações
Revista de Gestão Costeira
Integrada
Volume
15, Número 4, Dezembro 2015, Páginas 507-522
DOI: 10.5894/rgci582
* Submission: 5 FEB 2015; Peer review: 6 MAR 2015; Revised: 6 MAY 2015;
Accepted: 4 JUN 2015; Available on-line: 12 JUN 2015
§ Portuguese versions of title, abstract and captions by Ana Gomes on
behalf of the Editorial Board
Evaluation of trophic state in the Palo Verde estuary
(Colima, México), action to regulating agricultural
activities *
J. Refugio Anguiano-Cuevasa; Aramis
Olivos-Ortiz@,1; Omar Cervantesa;
Isaac Azuz-Adeathc; Nancy
Ramírez-Álvarezd;
María C. Rivera-Rodrígueze
@ - Corresponding author to whom
correspondence should be addressed.
a - Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Colima, Carretera
Manzanillo-Barra de Navidad km 20, Col. El Naranjo, C.P. 28860,
Manzanillo, Colima, México.
b - Centro de Universitario de Investigaciones Oceanológicas,
Universidad de Colima, Carretera Manzanillo-Barra de Navidad km 20,
Col. El Naranjo, C.P.28860, Manzanillo, Colima, México. e-mail:
Olivos-Ortiz <[email protected]>.
c - Centro de Enseñanza Técnica y Superior (CETYS Universidad), Campus
Ensenada, México.
d - Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de
Baja, California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada – Tijuana, No.
3917, Fracc. Playitas, Ensenada, B.C., C. P. 22860, México.
e Centro Ecológico “El Tortugario” Cuyutlán, Av. López Mateos S/N,
Cuyutlán, Armería, Colima, C. P. 28300, México.
ABSTRACT
The agricultural zones subjected to fertilizer use and inland runoff of nutrients leads to accelerated eutrophication with negative effects on coastal ecosystems and therefore significant negative economic impacts. The Palo Verde estuary (PVE) is a shallow estuary (0.4–1.5 m depth) located in the lower area of the sub-basin of the Armería River, in Colima, México. The PVE forms a temporary connection with the sea during unusual extreme meteorological events, but it is otherwise isolated. Freshwater inputs are restricted to discharges from nonpoint sources, such as agricultural runoff, torrential streams, and seasonal input from the Armería River. Farming is practiced along the boundaries of the PVE and involves an area of ~34.36 km2 such that the estuary is under considerable anthropogenic pressure. The PVE has been recognized as a RAMSAR site (no. 1985), the biological, ecological, and socio-economic importance, but the estuary has been the focus of very few environmental studies, and there is a need to demonstrate, quantify and predict the effects of human activities on these interrelated components in space and time. We describe subsidies to agricultural sector the agricultural and activities within the drainage basin through stakeholder’s engagement, also assessing the trophic status of the estuary with a trophic state multivariate index (TRIX) and proposing different ecosystem-based management (EBM). Actions intended to improve and control the use of agrochemicals (fertilizers N and P) in order to preserve ecosystem services.
Keywords: Palo Verde Estuary, Eutrophication, Ecosystem-based Management, Agrochemicals.
Avaliação do estado trófico no estuário do Palo Verde (Colima, México), acção para a regulação das actividades agrícolas
RESUMO §As zonas agrícolas sujeitas ao uso de fertilizantes e a escorrência de nutrientes vindas do interior levam à aceleração da eutrofização com efeitos negativos nos ecossistemas costeiros e consequentemente a impactos económicos negativos significativos. O estuário de Palo Verde (PVE) é um estuário pouco profundo (0.4-1.5 m de profundidade) localizado na área inferior da sub-bacia do Rio Armería, na Colima, México. O PVE forma uma ligação temporário com o mar durante eventos meteorológicos extremos pouco invulgares, mas em caso contrário encontra-se isolado. As entradas de água doce restringemse às descargas provenientes de fontes não pontuais, tais como os escoamentos agrícolas, ribeiras torrenciais e as contribuições sazonais do Rio Armería. A agricultura é praticada ao longo das margens do PVE e envolve uma área de ~34.36 km2, de tal modo que o estuário encontra-se sob uma pressão antropogénica considerável. O PVE foi reconhecido como um sítio RAMSAR (n.º 1985) de importância biológica, ecológica e socio-económica, mas o estuário tem sido foco de muito poucos estudos ambientais, e é necessário demonstrar, quantificar e prever os efeitos das actividades humanas sobre estes componentes inter-relacionados no espaço e no tempo. Nós descrevemos os subsídios ao sector agrícola, a agricultura e actividades dentro da bacia de drenagem através do engajamento das partes interessadas, avaliando também o estado trófico do estuário com um índice multivariado do estado trófico (TRIX) e propondo diferentes gestões baseadas no ecossistema (EBM). Acções destinadas a melhorar e controlar o uso de agroquímicos (fertilizantes com N e P), a fim de preservar os serviços dos ecossistemas.
Palavras-chave: Estuário do Palo Verde, Eutrofização, Gestão com base nos Ecossistemas, Agroquímicos.
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em construção